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Farming for Biodiversity

Asociacion para la Naturaleza y el Desarrollo Sostenible Andes - Asociacion Andes

Cusco, Perú
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An Overview Of Our Solution

The Asociación ANDES is working with Andean indigenous communities in the Lares District to establish a Biocultural Heritage Territory, based on the successful experience of the Potato Park. The Chalakuy Park is building on lessons learned in the Potato Park with a holistic landscape management approach that promotes agroecology solutions to enhance local food systems, agricultural production and indigenous self-determination. It is strengthening knowledge systems through horizontal learning platforms such as the Farmers Field Schools (FFS), and building bridges between traditional knowledge and scientific knowledge. Key activities include biodiversity management and enhancement through Participatory Plant Breeding, development of biocultural products and services, and engagement in policy processes related to food systems, seeds & agriculture, climate change
Who is this solution impacting?
Additional Information
  • Population Impacted:
  • Continent: South America
General Information

Organization type

Other
Ecosystem (select all that apply)
Grasslands
Grasslands
Urban Built Environment
Urban/Built Environment

Population impacted

1400 households, approx. 7000 people.
Challenge

Size of agricultural area

Average 1,5 ha per family. Around 21000 ha total

Production quantity

Corn: 1,651.00 kg/ha, Potato: 1,534.00 kg/ha

People employed

Asociación Andes: 15, SDHS:
Solution

Describe your solution

The solution is the establishment of a Maize Park (Parque Chalakuy), inspired by the Potato Park, a community holistic landscape management approach that promotes agroecology solutions to enhance local food systems, agricultural production and indigenous self-determination. It is based on strengthening knowledge and horizontal learning platforms such as the Farmers Field Schools (FFS), and building bridges between traditional knowledge and scientific knowledge. Key activities include: Seed conservation, access and sustainable use models of biodiversity management. Training on agroecology and Participatory Plant Breeding (PPB) techniques to enhance local capacity to develop and implement innovative conservation and adaptation strategies, concepts and tools to create greater access to PGR, mainstream and advocate gender sensitive PPB and food security strategies. Development and promotion of goods and services derived from agrobiodiversity and the local culture to create alternative sources of income. Establishment of a culinary sanctuary to promote agricultural practices and traditional foods and beverages, and a restaurant cooperatively managed by all participanting communties Empowering women to reclaim their role in food security through strengthening their capacity to engage in food policy and contribute to policy change at local, national and global level by attending national and international biodiversity and policy fora.
Implementation

Describe your implementation

Activities FFS training on participatory plant breeding to develop varieties of potatoes and maize resistant to climate change, training in agro ecological practices, integrated pest management, and microenterprise development; community research such as a baseline study on NUS and nutrition, ethnobotanical data collection and GIS mapping PGR conservation and sustainable use in the context of climate change, reintroduction of 400 varieties of native potatoes from the Potato Park, and promotion of household gardens for nutritionally rich vegetables. Training on biocultural products development and gastronomy, and the construction of a Restaurant to generate income for women Strengthening the advocacy capacity of indigenous women and facilitating their participation in international policy fora to reframe the debate about women’s role in biodiversity conservation The project promotes indigenous peoples’ values related to living in harmony with nature, such as Sumaq Causay/Buen Vivir, and it promotes women as key agents for behavioral change, who are critical to the future of agriculture and the maintenance of nutritionally rich foods Enabling conditions Support from authorities at the local, sub-national and national levels, universities, and research institutions Strong participation and ownership of communities Collaboration between local traditional knowledge experts and ANDES university trained staff Practices of Prior Informed Consent and rights-based approaches to project implementation Key success factors Dynamic articulation of local and the global issues and concerns, with analysis, reflection and creation of evidence, Fostering biocultural relationships that combine local and global realities. Political-ecology approach that explicitly connects issues of power and inequality with human–environment interactions, Methodology that links local human and crop adaptability, food security to broader political–economic forces

External connections

● Conventions with International Potato Centre (CIP) for technical advice and training; PGR, technical workshops and seminars, conservation and PPB techniques, neglected crops, and the shifting patterns of markets. ● A Memorandum of Understanding in development with INIA (Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria) for technical advice and training. ● University San Antonio Abad of Cusco. University Tecnica del Sur Lima, for technical advice and training, supporting policy or regulatory changes. ● Local NGOs and local networks of research institutions (Alianza Andina, CBC, GORE, CORSA etc.) for mutual capacity building, information exchange and dissemination. ● The local gastronomy sector for support with nutrition curriculum, workshops and festivals. ● Oxfam Novib and partners of SD=HS project (CTDT, Searice) ● Network of Women cultivators of Maize “Voices of Maize” Co-founded by ANDES. International Environmental and Human Rights Conventions, and international research organizations including: The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources (ITPGRFA), The UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO); The Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC); Bioversity International; IUCN; The UN Forum on Indigenous Peoples; etc.
Results

What is the environmental or ecological challenge you are targeting with your solution?

The project area is a mountain ecosystem with high cultural and biological diversity located in the Eastern reaches of the Andes. It comprises three agro-ecological zones which extend from 2,000 masl to 4,500 masl, with high vulnerability to climate change due to rapid changes in the intensity and timing of rainfall, changes in temperature, and higher frequency of extreme weather events. This has created higher incidence of crop pests and diseases, floods, frost, landslides and droughts. Climate change is threatening the food security of local indigenous communities, where 98% of the households rely on agriculture, mainly subsistence farming. Biodiversity is being lost and there is genetic erosion of the highly diverse traditional food crops. The conservation& transmission of agricultural traditional knowledge, particularly about Neglected & Underutilized Species is a growing challenge as these species could contribute to both climate change coping strategies & balancing poor diets.

Describe the context in which you are operating

The project area is the district of Lares, province of Calca in the Cusco region. Lares is a recognized center of diversification of maize and a biodiversity hotspot for both wild and domesticated species. 97.8% of the households are under the poverty line and 73.8% of the children under the age of 5 present chronic malnutrition (INEI 2009). 98% of the population is employed in agriculture, with an average farm plot size of 1.5 hectares. It presents a highly diverse food system and rich traditional knowledge. Political factors, such as a seed and rural development policy, are forcing smallholder farmers into dependency on corporate and chemical inputs, endangering local food sovereignty and contributing to the erosion of their biocultural heritage. Gender inequality is high, where 34.3% of women have no formal education. Women play a crucial role in the management of local agrobiodiversity and are the guardians of seeds, traditional knowledge on conservation and sustainable use of agro biodiversity and wild species. Women are in charge of agricultural work, and thus are the most vulnerable to climate change impacts. Men migrate looking for off farm work in cities.

How did you impact natural resource use and greenhouse gas emissions?

● Increased diversity (stable varieties and segregating materials) on farm for food security with the transfer of 400 climate ready/nutrition tested potatoes varieties from the Potato Park ● 7 FFS established for management of PGR, 300% increase from baseline figures (2013) in the number of crop varieties for native potatoes contributing to seed security ● In FFS, 2 native potato varieties identified for their resistance are being multiplied and 17 climate-tested varieties are in the a process of Participatory Varietal Selection ● 3 varieties in process of Participatory Varietal Enhancement in 3 communities. ● One major seed exchange planned for end of March 2017 including members of communities from Lares, the Potato Park and the Q’eros nation ● Collaboration with other NGO working in homestead gardening in the area of Lares, introducing and re-introducing vegetables seeds that respond to nutritional deficiencies in the area ● Participatory plan for sustainable NUS conservation and use being developed ● Participatory GIS mapping and ethnobotanical data collection for integrated landscape management for the Maize Park

Language(s)

Spanish

Social/Community

Stronger traditional knowledge management and inter-generational transmission within the community. Empowered women participated in founding a new international Maiz network and contributed to discussion on food and nutrition at the CBD COP13 and shared experience with their communities. Higher self-esteem and interest in the work. Strengthened local barter market, and reinforced social links between communities from different agro-ecological zones. Recommendations and lessons-learned are share

Water

n/a

Food Security/Nutrition

Knowledge of the nutritional value of underutilized/neglected species to respond to nutritional problems. Education and training on the importance of balanced diets and nutritional value of local species, especially in women and children. Reintroduction of 400 varieties of potatoes has increased the access and use to a larger diversity. Training in maternal and infant nutrition, training on food composition, especially NUS, led by experts community members jointly with scientists,

Economic/Sustainable Development

Chalakuy Park is scaling-out the Potato Park model, which represents a successful sustainable economic development model based on agrobiodiversity. Replication of collectives operating in the Potato Park, including gastronomy, natural products and medicinal plants, handicraft, tourism, and an intercommunity agreement for equitable benefit sharing Building infrastructure for replication of model and creation of community entrepreneurship and sustainable development Dynamic farmer to Farmer learni

Climate

n/a

Sustainability

The project is being supported by the SDHS project, a 5 year project funded by the Sweeden Agency for Development (SIDA). The proposed activities will be developed under the framwerod of the SDHS project and thus SDHS funding provides the needed economic sustainability. In the long run, the Chalakuy Park will be managed by local communities and support income generation and conservation of the rich biocultural heritage.

Return on investment

The activities implemented to date have an approximate cost of $800,000 USD, which includes previous investments from other projects and the current SDHS budget. These investments were directed at Raising awareness and policy engagement, capacity building, community-based action research, creation of microenterprises, installation of infrastructure for seed management, conservation and enhancement of Biodiversity. Socioecological impacts and measureable results far exceed investments made by ANDES when compared with investmens made by local and national governments since 2000 in the the same area.

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Replication and Scale

How could we successfully replicate this solution elsewhere?

Scaling up and scaling out the Potato Park model, is a successful outcome of ANDES work, which is having important impact for Lares and communities around the world. Scaling up, or the increasing in support from research institutions and policymakers, is represented by the establishment of an strategic alliance with the newly installed government in Peru, including a visit by the Vice President and Ministers from the Ministry of the Environment, and a commitment to facilitate multi sector support and promotion of the Potato Park model within a GEF Project. Examples of scaling out, or the spreading indigenous knowledge-based solutions to other communities/regions include: negotiations with Regional Governments to pilot the Biocultural Territory model in Ayacucho and Apurimac Establishing the International Network of Mountain Indigenous Peoples (INMIP), where members are replicating the model is 15 countries Training and education to support scaling up & out the Potato Park model
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