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Farming for Biodiversity

Africa Centre for Holistic Management (ACHM)

Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe
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An Overview Of Our Solution

No abstract.
Who is this solution impacting?
Community Type
Rural
Rural
Additional Information
  • Population Impacted:
  • Continent: Africa
General Information

Organization type

À but non lucratif
Ecosystem (select all that apply)
Freshwater
Freshwater
Grasslands
Grasslands

Population impacted

Excess of 100000
Challenge

Size of agricultural area

15590ha

Production quantity

100Kilos / 25m2 (Forage) and 5 – 8 tons/ha (maize)

People employed

150
Solution

Describe your solution

ACHM uses the Holistic Management Framework to make sustainable decisions that are economically, socially and environmentally sound. Using this framework, ACHM enhances food and water security and human livelihoods through trainings that utilize livestock to restore degraded land, watersheds and croplands to health. HLLM capitalizes on livestock hooves to break up hard ground for air and water to penetrate, in the process, livestock dung and urine help fertilize the hoof prepared soil to produce more forage and more ground-covering litter between plants. Breaking the soil crust also reduces runoff and promotes water percolation that in turn recharges underground and surface water sources. HM has healed bare land, and helped restore springs and rivers at ACHM and the communities around it. Data from monitored fixed transacts at ACHM’s learning site has shown great results. Between the years 2001 and 2009, 31% decrease in bare ground, 56% increase in litter cover and a 12% increase in perennial grass plants were noted. In the communities, ACHM enhances food and water security and human livelihoods through training that utilizes properly managed livestock to restore degraded land, watersheds and croplands to health. Issues of disappearing wildlife, poverty, endless droughts, drying rivers and food aid programs that never end by empowering different organisations and communities with the knowledge and skills needed
Implementation

Describe your implementation

Properly managed livestock produces more forage which results in plant litter covered ground with increased water infiltration capacity. Desertification can be stopped by planning grazing to facilitate plant growth on bare patches of land. HLLM avoids usage of fire as tool for land management but instead banks on continual animal movements for pest and moribund control. HLLM can be applied on crop fields to increasing soil fertility yielding 3 -5 times more than un-impacted fields without applying inorganic fertilizers. ACHM uses a community mobilization and experimental learning processes to ensure high level of community participation and sense of ownership. Community members trained in HLLM so they'll share learning with peers to successfully implement HLLM in communities. Youths involved in training programs guarantee sustainability of practice. Traditional and local leaders act as point of entry into a community as they have a voice that can be heard and also have power to summon people to meetings. Challenges of predation are minimized by use of predator proof movable kraals, predator deterring lights, and 24hr herding and monitoring. Low acceptance of innovation by key stakeholders was another challenge and this was overcome by awareness meetings and conferences. In communities, grouping animal together to come up with one functional community herd has been a challenge with issues such as disease management being raised but development of community mobilization strategy and engagement of key stakeholders such as Government department of livestock, veterinary services and capacity building of both stakeholders as well as grassroots people implementing the projects proved to be the solution. Benchmarks in a chain of success are Buy-in and support from leaders & participation of livestock owners, Commitment and Support for program team in the community, Trained herders & community support of them...

External connections

ACHM has already began to spread HM to other provinces in Zimbabwe, regionally and internationally through working with other stakeholders by training key persons who can in turn train others in their respective communities. ACHM has extensive experience of working with partner organisations giving technical expertise in the area of HLLM. It has worked successfully with the following organisations in Zimbabwe; CARE International, Land O’ Lakes, SAT, Ministry of Women Affairs Gender and Community Development, Ministry of Youth Indigenization an Economic Empowerment and currently working with TSURO and CELUCT, DVV International and Matopo Research Institute. ACHM has also worked with other organisations in Africa that include World Vision-Somalia, Northern Rangelands and Zebra Trust in Kenya, Czech Republic Development Agency-Zambia among others in the area of land and water restoration for rebuilding livelihoods and resilience.
Results

What is the environmental or ecological challenge you are targeting with your solution?

Degraded grasslands, desertification, and food and water shortages.

Describe the context in which you are operating

ACHM was formed in 1992 to address issues of disappearing wildlife, poverty, endless droughts, drying rivers and food aid programs in the Hwange Communal Areas. Hwange Communal Area is Agro-ecological region V, characterised by low erratic rainfall, high temp. and long dry spells. Agricultural (crop and livestock) productivity is very low mainly because of low rainfall resulting in forage and water shortages. Productivity on crop fields is further exacerbated by poor soils as only a few afford inorganic fertilizers for their fields. With no water, gardening is a challenge with a ripple effect on nutrition, food and economic securities. All these forces people into unsustainable practices such as poaching and deforestation activities which does not solve but worsen the situation. Due to continual practice of these activities, rivers have been silted and water table lowered in many communities leading to critcal water shortages.

How did you impact natural resource use and greenhouse gas emissions?

Proper use of livestock as a management tool has resulted in effective harvesting of rainfall. Livestock used in a planned way break the hard crust on the ground increasing aeration to support soil microbes & life. The hoof prepared ground results in more rainfall sipping into the ground providing prolonged moisture for vegetation growth. Increased water infiltration into the ground raises water table promoting following of rivers resulting in large diversity of aquatic life. HLLM is culturally acceptable and can be used on crop fields to improve soil fertility as a low cost and environmentally friendly practice as it eliminates need for inorganic fertilizers to improve crop yields. HLLM is against the use of fire as a land management tool it maintains habitats in natural and intact state that favors biodiversity. HLLM requires 24hr surveillance on livestock and use of predator proof movable kraals to minimize losses of livestock to predators thereby reducing human-wildlife conflict.

Language(s)

English,

Social/Community

The innovation has a community mobilization strategy that encourages community members to work together, with non livestock owners benefiting from those that have livestock. Total participation of different social groups of the community results in less quarrels over livestock and crop issues. Technology used in this innovation is gender friendly resulting in females and males of different ages taking roles in community grazing planning.

Water

Improved seepage and minimized water loss as a result of practicing Holistic Management charges underground water and raised water table results in increase in sources of clean surface waters for both human and animal use.

Food Security/Nutrition

HLLM can be used on crop fields to increase soil fertility. On rangelands, forage production can be increased for the benefit of livestock and wildlife resulting in less reliance on supplementary feeding. Increased forage production + reliable water sources resulting from HLLM increases animal health and productivity which have positive effects on nutrition at household level because of easy access to organically produced meat, cattle products as well as from organically produced field crops.

Economic/Sustainable Development

Innovation is holistic in nature bc it takes care of the whole production and market value chains & meets aspects of social, environmental and economic values. This innovation makes use of resources that people already have to improve their livelihoods and those of their future generations. Increased crop & animal productivity translates to improved livelihoods as people can sell some of their livestock and surplus crops for cash

Climate

HLLM harvests a lot of water and promotes growth of vegetation which minimizes spread of deserts. Harvested water can act as insurance in times of drought. Vegetation produced through HLLM remove excess carbon from the air & sequestrate it. Contrary to fire used to control moribund, in HLLM, livestock are bunched together and trample oxidizing grass to promote new growth. Soil organisms are not destroyed in the process and there is no creation of bare patches of land prone to erosion.

Sustainability

The innovation relies on resources already available in the communities, thus when implemented in the communities, less funding is necessary for the purposes of adhering to some of the key success factors of the project, for example, water points (where water is a challenge), predator proof overnight livestock enclosures (when implemented in or near wildlife areas), training and awareness sessions, before and during implementation.

Return on investment

In 1998 ACHM started implementing HLLM innovation at its Dimbangombe Learning Site, with 70 herds of cattle to heal the land and increase the productivity of livestock which yielded positive results, despite killing, natural and predator related deaths, and livestock sales, the herd has grown over the years to 519 which translate to a monetary value of approximately $ 250 000 against an initial investment of about $35 000.

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Cropfield Comparison

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Cropfield Comparison_0
Replication and Scale

How could we successfully replicate this solution elsewhere?

The innovation can be used by a lot of users because it's simple. The innovation can also be adapted to suit a wide range of different climatic conditions yielding tremendous results. The innovation has been replicated through training, community mobilization process & look & learning visit making it possible to be taught even to illiterate people. The innovation has been replicated in Hwange Communal Lands with no difficulties. By 2013, 16 communities in Hwange District were under HLLM & this attracted the attention of, individuals, farmers, Government departments, Agricultural Colleges & local/ external NGOs that send people for training at ACHM. ACHM has trained over 60 organizations & all the trained organizations are currently implementing Holistic Management. Funding will be important for training of community facilitators, stakeholders, stakeholder mobilization, training material development and program follow up and support.

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ACHM
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