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Farming for Biodiversity

Pathways Africa-Missouri

Columbia, MO, USA
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An Overview Of Our Solution

Due to high human activity, Kaimosi Forest in Western Kenya has the highest disturbance index value of ‘24’. There’s a need to be empower local community on the management of Kaimosi Forest using traditional ecological knowledge. The Rural Environmental Education Program in Shaviringa (TREES) was established to increase knowledge and participation of local communities in forest conservation. Indigenous tree nurseries were established and distributed to the communities. Youth groups assisted in the transmission of education initiatives and training of farmers. Over 20,000 tree seedlings have been distributed. So far, we have distributed over 12,000 pens and pencils in our school supplies programs resulting in several environmental clubs and committees. Some of our partners include The World Bank and the United States Agency for International Development.
Who is this solution impacting?
Community Type
Rural
Rural
Additional Information
  • Population Impacted:
  • Continent: Africa
General Information

Organization type

Sem fins lucrativos
Ecosystem (select all that apply)
Forests
Forests

Population impacted

22,334
Challenge

Size of agricultural area

101 Ha

Production quantity

2-10 bags

People employed

30
Solution

Describe your solution

In response to the prevailing shortage of environmental education activities, a grassroots organization called The Rural Environmental Education Program in Shaviringa (TREES), Western Kenya, was established in 2010. Objective: To increase knowledge, awareness, change of attitudes, skills, and participation of local communities in the conservation of Kaimosi Forest. Strategies • Youth and women groups • Conservation clubs and environmental protection committees o (Makuchi Link Youth Group; Mahanga Village Youth Bunge) • School gardens • Essay competitions • Storytelling with community elders • Demonstration Farm Human activities • Agroforestry • Planting Indigenous Tree Seedlings • Income-generating activities o Fruit farming o Silk farming o Bee-keeping • Rehabilitation of riverbanks How it ensures Sustainable Harvests/Food Security • Improved agricultural productivity • Improved nutrition • Enhances access to resources o supplies, seedlings, mulching Impact on Biodiversity/Agricultural lands • Increased awareness • Less soil erosion • Supplements school nutrition • Increased vegetation cover • Reduced forest logging • Increased production of maize (2-10 bags/acre) • Co-existence and sustainable use of natural resources • Strengthened grassroots organizations • Safe drinking water, • Saving indigenous knowledge • Less dependency on food imports
Implementation

Describe your implementation

We established a grassroots organization called The Rural Environmental Education Program in Shaviringa (TREES). We conducted environmental awareness activities in the local communities and schools. With funding from The World Bank and the USAID, indigenous tree nurseries were established and distributed at a small fee. Makuchi Link Youth Group and Mahanga Village Youth Bunge have assisted in our initiatives. Environmental meetings are regularly conducted. Communities have been exposed environmental education as well as income-generating activities including good farming practices. To distribute our indigenous tree seedlings, we worked with youth and women groups, local leaders, farmers, school children and teachers. We have distributed over 20,000 tree seedlings. We worked with regional NGOs to introduce income-generating activities including passion fruit farming, bee-keeping, and silk farming. As an incentive, we have distributed over 12,000 pens and pencils in our school supplies programs resulting in several environmental clubs. Students enjoy writing about natural resources and several school gardens are providing the much needed vegetables at their schools. Our challenges stem from population growth, poverty, high unemployment, cultural practices, and inadequate environment knowledge. These challenges are compounded by small farm sizes and dependency on subsistence farming. To overcome these obstacles, we used a multi-faceted approach to disseminate our initiatives. The strategy of investing in group activities was a major boost to our activities. By offering tree seedlings at subsidized fee, it made our efforts become acceptable. By working with community elders, our programs have been widely accepted in the community. To break the cultural barriers, we worked with elders in telling traditional stories to school children as a means of reclaiming the value of traditional indigenous knowledge.

External connections

We have worked with several partners and stakeholders to implement our environmental education initiatives. Our activities were funded by The World Bank and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). For training in agroforestry and re-afforestation, our partners were the Rural Service Program – Kaimosi, Vihiga County Government, Kenya Forest Service and the Friends Quaker Church – East Africa. Vihiga County Environmental Office provided extension officers. Makuchi Link Youth and Group Mahanga Village Youth Bunge are the two groups that assisted in the dissemination of these initiatives. Our school supplies for the essay competitions were donated by students from Grant Elementary – Columbia, Missouri, Stephens College, Columbia – Missouri,and the University of Missouri – Columbia. Our local school partners were Makuchi Primary School, Mahanga Primary School, Muyere Primary School, Shaviringa Primary School, Siekuti Primary School, and Makuchi High School. Local community leaders are our ever-present help at all times.
Results

What is the environmental or ecological challenge you are targeting with your solution?

This project is located in Shaviringa Ward, Vihiga County in Western Kenya. Kaimosi Forest measures 101ha and an additional 16 sacred groves with a total area of 26.9 ha. It is occupied by the Tiriki people who are a sub-tribe of the larger Luhya community. Kaimosi Forest is privately owned and managed as a Kenya Forest Services forest reserve. It is the only privately managed forest biodiversity observatory. It is located in area with high agricultural production and human density of more than 175 individuals per km2. Due to high human activity, the forest has been a subject of historic levels of local disturbance with a highest disturbance index value of ‘24’. Need capacity building to assuring the benefits of the forest resource to the local community. We need to incorporate traditional ecological knowledge that helped preserve the forest. This knowledge is being lost with the death of older generations.

Describe the context in which you are operating

Kaimosi Forest is found in Vihiga County, Shaviringa Ward which has an approximate population of 22,334 covering an area of 20 square kilometers. This growth strains the meager resources available in health, education, infrastructure development, and food insecurity. The average farm size is 0.4 hectares. Poverty level is 41%, GDP of $1,103, and unemployment is 65%. About 80% of the population is involved in subsistence farming of maize and beans.
Major agents of environmental degradation are increased population, gold-mining, unplanned urbanization, poverty, illiteracy, and poor land use. Encroachment of forests and water sources is prevalent. Prolonged drought, poor farming practices and low soils fertility have resulted in low yields and frequent food shortages. Provision of quality and affordable education has been a challenge in the county. The value of indigenous knowledge is diminishing.
Sustainable development is curtailed by climate change which influences human health, food security, economic activities, and natural resources and physical infrastructure, un-economical land units, HIV/AIDS, cultural practices, and school dropouts.

How did you impact natural resource use and greenhouse gas emissions?

Our environmental education initiatives have impacted the local biodiversity in the following ways. There is a visible change of attitude towards Kaimosi Forest by the local communities who view the forest as in the same lens as was during the old days when the forest was harvested sustainably. Increased awareness about forest resources is now evident because of our indigenous tree seedlings campaign. Farmers who practice good farming techniques now experience less soil erosion on their farms. Ultimately, this reduces siltation and pollution of our rivers and streams and makes water safe for drinking. We have also managed to change attitudes about importing foods from other communities. With over 20,000 indigenous tree seedlings distributed, we have contributed to increasing the vegetation cover in our community. Our forest cover will likely experience less destruction because of increased indigenous trees being planted. Similarly, we are convinced that the effects of illegal logging with also diminish. Through our environmental education, we have managed to sensitize our community about co-existence and sustainable use of natural resources. The use of traditional stories has been successfully enabled us to capture and preserve some of our traditional ecological knowledge. Working with elders in that regard has been a boon to our efforts. Overall, the role of grassroots organizations in the community has been strengthened through group activities.

Language(s)

Vernacular = Luhya - Tiriki, Maragoli, Isukha, Idakho; Swahili, English

Social/Community

Awareness about co-management of natural resources has improved. This was accomplished through a series of community meetings and also by working with community elders who are considered to be wise. Youth and women groups increased sensitization. forest relics are viewed as sacred groves due to our use of traditional knowledge. Working with elders to tell traditional stories has also promoted a sense of community. Soccer competitions promote team work, unity, talent-building, and awareness.

Water

We rehabilitate over 50 streams and riverbanks that were polluted by gold-miners and silt from run-off. Eight schools have water tanks that were funded by our partner agencies. Waterborne diseases like dysentery and typhoid have resulted in numerous deaths in our communities. However, through our partnerships, our people are aware about water-borne diseases. Hand-washing or boiling drinking water, and toilet use are now common.

Food Security/Nutrition

We partnered with the Rural Service Program for training in modern techniques of farming including terracing, intercropping and crop rotation. We have also assisted farmers to access farm inputs and resources, and planting alternative foods that take shorter time to mature and be harvested. Some farmers have reported increase in harvests from a paltry two bags before to 10-12 per season. There's less dependency on corn, traditional foods like cassava, yams, sorghum are now appreciated.

Economic/Sustainable Development

We also partnered to introduce additional income-generating activities for the youth women including silk-farming, bee keeping, and tree nurseries. To become sustainable, we established a demonstration farm that will serve continue to offer the much needed training and services for all people in the community.

Climate

Our environmental education has educated and trained our community on climate change and precipitation patterns. They now understand the causes of prolonged drought and how human activities contribute to climate change. Traditional knowledge has been helpful in understanding these changes. Through our indigenous seedlings program, we have contributed to the vegetation cover that is crucial to precipitation in the region.

Sustainability

The Rural Environmental Education in Shaviringa-Kenya (TREES) is an Environmental education initiative that is economically sustainable. The initiative adapted and integrated the Vihiga County Environmental Plan. Grant funding provided seed capital needed for establishing tree nurseries, supplies, training materials, education outreach activities, recruitment drives for youth, women, and elders. Currently, our revenue is drawn from the sale of indigenous tree seedlings which have a high demand in the communities. The proceeds are re-invested into additional nurseries and income-generating activities like the sale of passion fruits and honey. Partnerships with regional NGOs offer training opportunities at no cost at our demonstration farm.

Return on investment

Main expenses: tree nurseries = $5000; Training = $3000; Group =$1000; Recruitment = $2500; School garden supplies = $2000; Stories = $500; Supplies and stationery = $2500; Tours = $500; Office space = $2000; Public address system and tents = $4000, Transport = $2000, income-generating activities = $3000, and Demonstration farm = $6,000. We initiated vibrant youth groups, distributed over 20,000 seedlings, set up conservation clubs/environmental committees, school gardens and school supplies program. Environmental awareness and traditional ecological knowledge are now appreciated. Mobile environmental initiatives using the cellphone technology and video clips for use in the schools are envisioned. That is a good return on our investment.

Entrant Image

Gully at Kaimosi Forest (2)

Entrant Banner Image

kaimosi forest encroachment
Replication and Scale

How could we successfully replicate this solution elsewhere?

Identify problem/context, assess relationships between the community and the local resource managers. Look for gaps in existing laws for natural resource use. Key stakeholders/partners include natural resource managers, local government/religious institutions, elementary/high schools, youth/women, and community leaders. This solution was adapted from the Kakamega Environmental Education Program (K.E.E.P) in Kakamega Forest, Western Kenya which has worked with communities since 1998, on forest biodiversity, conservation, destruction and alternative activities that could reduce human pressure on the forest. The program utilizes tree nurseries and income-generating activities such as silk worm farms, eco-tourism, and bee-keeping. Funding needed for training - youth, women, and farmers, recruitment, supplies, stationery, transport, demonstration farm, office space, and tree seedlings. Training materials include posters, audio-visual material – documentaries, and a public address system.

YouTube URL

Saving Kaimosi Forest - One Story at a time
Overview
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